Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture. After studying this chapter, the student should be able to discuss the characteristics, application, genetics, advantages, and disadvantages of the following methods of selection. Statistical genetics and plant breeding the national. Selection is thus an ongoing process where deviants are selected or removed from the selection program. People learned not to eat all the best fruit but to plant the seed from some of them. Mar 01, 2016 the developed through mass selection so variation and are not uniform as pure line variety. Aims and objectives of plant breeding plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. The new variety is highly uniform, genetic variation is very less. The characteristics such as the height of the plant, size and colour of the grain etc. The progeny of single plant selections are kept separate, not bulked together. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of.
Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging. In vitro mutagenesis and selection in plant tissue cultures and their prospects for crop improvement suprasanna penna1 sonawane balasaheb vitthal2 patade vikas yadav 3 1 nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division, bhabha atomic research centre, trombay, mumbai 400 085, india. The fundamental basis of plant breeding is the selection of specific plants with desirable traits. Principles of plant genetics and breeding george acquaah. The fundamental distinction of domesticated animals and plants from their wild. Who defined plant breeding as current phase of crop evolution. This is the commonest approach taken to improving landraces.
Other published definitions plant breeding is the art and science of the genetic improvement of plants. Plant breeding is defined as the art, science and technology of improving genetic makeup of crop plants in relation to their economic use for mankind. Nontransgenic plant tissue is grafted onto transgenic rootstock of a gm plant e. Pure line selection and mass selection breeding methods. Essentials of plant breeding was written as a textbook for a. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss dianthus herbatus and thus was more botanical in nature rather than aimed at the improvement of a crop population. It is also called as german method or german method of broad breeding because once it was used nicely in germany for improving the sugar beets and small grains such as rye and wheat.
Mass selection is a method of crop improvement for both the selfpollinated and the cross pollinated plants. Plant breeding, evaluation, selection and introduction. Plant breeding, at least in some sense, dates back to the origins of agriculture. In the plantbreeding community, both genomic selection heffner et al. Because of the older origin of genomic selection and because we. Unlike hybridization and selection, mutation breeding has the advantage of improving a defect in an otherwise elite. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable. Download a pdf of statistical genetics and plant breeding by the national research council for free. Pdf parental selection strategies in plant breeding programs. In vitro mutagenesis and selection in plant tissue cultures. Lecture 10 mass, family, and line selection bruce walsh. An overview on the use of stability parameters in plant breeding.
Plant breeding by national open university of nigeria file type. Selection is used as a tool for livestock improvement. The changes in emphasis are because of the timeframes when the objectives of plant breeding are discussed. Quality and yield improvement can be achieved by pedi gree and mass selection among open pollinated varieties. Pdf fundamentals of genetics and plant breeding md. Potential of genomic selection in mass selection breeding of an. The book demonstrates that ppb is in essence no different from conventional plant breeding, being based on the very same principles of mendelian, quantitative and population genetics, and therefore has complemented the. Different approaches can be followed in the selection process of asexual plants, such as mass selection and clone selection from clone blocks. In the next plant generations the breeder has to select for individual plants. New plant breeding techniques national grain and feed. Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. Successful commercial plant breeding concerns were founded from the late 19th century. Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Codex alimentarius most countries adopted codex definition on biotech.
Selection index based on the relative importance of traits and possibilities in breeding popcorn r. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left. Mass selection biology britannica encyclopedia britannica. Genetic variation was continuously submitted to the selection pressure of food gathering or planting. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The other 6 give thorough treatments of different aspects of selection indices, such as the evaluation of parental material, the use of computer programming, the development and use of selection indices and their applications in plant breeding plant breeding subject category. Early on, it primarily in volved selection, the choice between good and bad plants. Pdf mass selection is the oldest method of plant improvement and probably the most used method in plant breeding over time. The expected result is a set of genetically homogeneous lines.
Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples. Plant breeding based on observed variation the most primitive form of plant breeding was the selection of naturally occurring variants in the wild and, later, in cultivated. Selection methods are of two types mass selection and pure line selection. An issue that arises in plant breeding is pollen control is the pollen from plants that have also been selected. Parental selection strategies in plant breeding programs requires personal contact with breeders or germplasm curators. In vitro mutagenesis and selection in plant tissue. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. Selection typically involves evaluating a breeding population for one or more traits in field or glasshouse trials e. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make use of knowledge of. The central work area of this section is to assist member states in the design and implementation of innovative and effective plant breeding programmes using radiationinduced mutation through, for instance, gamma rays and xrays, mutation detection and prebreeding technologies, to enhance food security and sustainable crop production systems worldwide. Challenge for plant breeding programs select lines with greatest performance for agronomic traits o earlier selection the better reduces costs to produce an individual line for release. Pure line variety is expected to have a narrower adaptation and lower stability in performance as there is less genetic variation.
The book demonstrates that ppb is in essence no different from conventional plant breeding, being based on the very same principles of mendelian, quantitative and population genetics, and therefore has complemented the traditional approach to plant breeding with. The following points highlight the four main of plant breeding methods. It is due to such reasons that imposition of selffertilization on crosspollinating crops leads to drastic. Early on, it primarily involved selection, the choice between good and bad plants. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss despite advances in technologies, plant breeding is still based on mendels original concept of inheritance which is extended to encompass the inheritance of quantitative. In this method only human selection or artificial selection is used. Techniques, methodologies and equipment see more details.
The developed through mass selection so variation and are not uniform as pure line variety. Natural selection is allowed to operate only in the modified form of pedigree breeding known as mass pedigree method. Endogenous mrna enters and moves along the phloem longdistance translocation system. New plant breeding techniques npbts igtc business plan 20152018. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. It follows that, for the kth candidate for selection, predicted breeding values for the economically important traits are. It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies. Here we confine ourselves to index selection as applied to plant breeding. This method is mainly based upon the easily observable characters are taken into consideration. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. It is one of the oldest procedures in which individual plants or group of plants are sorted out from mixed population thus eliminating undesirable ones. Selection index based on the relative importance of traits.
Dirr department of horticulture athens the university of georgia the program has made giant strides since the 2001 open house, particularly with hydrangea advances. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of reproduction jump to. Genetic linkage is a phenomenon in which genes tend to be inherited together. This manipulation involves either controlled pollination. Pdf potential of genomic selection in mass selection breeding of. Mass selection and individual plant selection as two breeding. Genetics became a fundamental science of plant breeding after the moravian monk j. Progress is assessed based on gain under selection, which is a function of genetic variation, selection intensity, and time. Selection is then imposed on rows or plots of the progeny. Therefore, a major barrier for using such a technique is the lack. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Mutation breeding is the purposeful application of mutations in plant breeding. A breeding stock is a group of males and females which act as parents of future generations. Culling is the removal of animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd.
An overview on the use of stability parameters in plant. Mas markerassisted selection nuue nutrient uptake and use ef. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Only those breeding and selection methods are suitable for a crop which does not interfere with its natural state or ensure the maintenance of such a state. Plant breeding can be defined as an art and science and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Plant breeding is often said to be a process not of selection, but of elimination.
Within family selection uses the best individual from each family for breeding. The earliest method of plant breeding based on an elementary knowledge of. Crouch abstract the volume of publications on the development and to a lesser extent the application of molecular markers in plant breeding has increased. If the selected plant is really superior, its progeny will also exhibit superior performance and vice versa. Download a pdf of statistical genetics and plant breeding by. Crouch abstract the volume of publications on the development and to a lesser extent the application of molecular markers in plant breeding has increased dramatically during the last decade. The main purpose of selection is to better the quality and yield of forthcoming plantations. Between family selection uses the whole family for selection. Potential of genomic selection in mass selection breeding of an allogamous crop.
In the absence of progeny test, it is not possible to determine if the selected plant are homozygous. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. Plant breeding and selection practices advance beneficial characteristics while minimizing unintended changes. Sep 17, 2015 piepho hp, mohring j, melchinger ae, buchse a 2008 blup for phenotypic selection in plant breeding and variety testing. Pdf strategies to improve mass selection in maize researchgate. Ancient agriculturists improved many plants through selective cultivation.
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